過去常溫超導體都必須在極低溫環境下,才能發揮超導體特性。8月初,南韓研究團隊發表一項研究,宣稱他們發現可以在常溫環境中展現出超導性的超導體LK-99,消息一出,全球科學界無比興奮。

不過這項消息隨後被科學家們推翻,以目前的實驗結果看來,LK-99並不具備超導體特質。知名科學期刊Nature更直接在8月16日刊登論文,指出LK-99並非超導體,為常溫超導體的話題畫下句點。我們可以從Nature的論文中,學習多益常考單字。

In late July, a groundbreaking discovery drew public attention. A South Korean team claimed that LK-99 exhibited superconductivity at normal pressure and room temperatures up to 127°C, contrasting with conventional superconductors that work at extremely low temperatures and pressures.

However, further investigations have shown that impurities, particularly copper sulfide, were responsible for its apparent characteristics of partial levitation over a magnet and sharp drops in electrical resistivity. Finally, multiple replication attempts dismissed the claim of room-temperature superconductivity in LK-99.

Groundbreaking開創性的

從字面上理解這個字,Groundbreaking有「破土」的意象。這個字常被用來形容重大的新發現,或解決事情的新方法。因為這件事從未被發現,猶如一塊待開發的處女地。

In late July, a groundbreaking discovery drew public attention.

(在七月底,一則重大的發現引起了大眾的注意。)

Thomas Edison lighted up the whole world with his groundbreaking invention of the first incandescent light bulb. 

(湯馬士愛迪生用白熾燈泡這個重大發明點亮了整個世界。)

Exhibit展示、展現

Exhibit是書面正式用語,它的近義詞包含show、display。另外,exhibit也有「公開展示」之意,因此其名詞型態exhibition,就是「展覽」。

A South Korean team claimed that LK-99 exhibited superconductivity. 

(一個南韓團隊宣稱LK99展現出超導性。)

The old man who fell down the stairs was sent to the hospital the next day after exhibiting signs of headache and memory loss. 

(那位從樓梯上跌下來的老人表現出頭痛及記憶缺失的症狀後,就被送去醫院了。)

Conventional常規的、普通的

Conventional是convention的形容詞,convention指的是「社會普遍接受的規則」。Conventional也有「傳統的」之意,與traditional不同之處在於,traditional指的是代代相傳的文化層面,conventional則沒有代代相傳這個概念,主要是強調社會當下能接受的行為,或是社會普遍認定的價值。

因此用conventional形容一個人時,不等同於traditional,他可以對文化一無所知,但他的行為一定是符合社會的價值觀。

Conventional superconductors operate at extremely low temperatures and pressures. 

(一般我們認知到超導體都要在極低的溫度及氣壓下才能運作。)

The conventional way of refusing others’ invitation in Taiwan starts by saying sorry first instead of providing the reason.

(在台灣,拒絕別人的邀請時,通常是先說對不起,而不是先說理由。)

Apparent顯而易見的

Apparent指是「明顯可見的」,用來描述一個人的情緒喜形於色。另外,也可以用來敘述外顯的特質(apparent characteristics)、嫌疑(apparent suspicion)、效果(apparent effects)等。

The anger in the manager's voice was so apparent that a sudden silence fell upon the office. 

(經理語氣中的憤怒是如此明顯,以至於整個辦公室突然靜了下來。)

Copper sulfides were responsible for LK-99’s apparent characteristics of partial levitation over a magnet and sharp drops in electrical resistivity. 

(LK-99展現出的磁鐵部分懸浮性,以及電阻快速下降等特質,是因為硫化亞銅的緣故。)

Multiple多重的、多次的

如果你是一個漫威迷,multi-這個字根你一定不陌生。漫威故事中有著多重宇宙的概念,像是《奇異博士2:失控多重宇宙》(Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness),就有multiverse,即multi-加上universe所形成的新詞,意為「多重宇宙」。

Multi-加上字尾ple「填滿」,就有「多重的、多次的、多元的」之意,像是科學家會重複進行相同實驗(multiple replication),以重現韓國團隊的LK-99研究,但都以失敗告終。

Multiple replication attempts dismissed the claim of room-temperature superconductivity in LK-99.

(多次的複製實驗,駁斥了LK-99具有室溫超導性的說法。)

There are multiple kinds of intelligences such as spatial intelligence and interpersonal intelligence. 

(人們有著各種智慧表現,像是空間智慧及人際溝通智力。)

【TOEIC模擬試題】

1.Claire might have settled on a more ________ path of a married woman in Taiwan if she had not pursued her degree in Germany. “It makes me different and more confident in myself,” she said. 

(A) apparent
(B) conventional 
(C) ultimate
(D) groundbreaking

2.A good teacher should be able to offer ________ perspectives on the same issue, stimulating students to see things from different angles. 

(A) multiple
(B) similar 
(C) prosperous 
(D) responsible

解析:

1.正解為(B)。本題為單字題,句意為「如果克萊爾沒有在德國攻讀學位,她可能會在台灣選擇一條更傳統的已婚婦女之路」各選項意思分別為(A) apparent明顯的 (B) conventional傳統一般的 (C) ultimate最終的 (D) groundbreaking創新的,(B)最符合句義,故選B。

2.正解為(A)。本題是單字題,句意為「一個好的老師應該能夠對同一問題提出多種觀點,激發學生從不同的角度看待事物。」各選項意思分別為(A)multiple多元的 (B) similar相似的 (C) prosperous富饒的 (D) responsible 負責的,(A)最符合句義,故選A。

責任編輯:陳瑋鴻
核稿編輯:倪旻勤